A founding scholar and chief organizer of Nahdlatul Ulama. Born around 1888 in Tambakberas, Jombang, he established the Tashwirul Afkar discussion circle in Surabaya (1914), designed NU's Syuriyah–Tanfidziyah structure, and wrote the lyrics of the anthem 'Ya Lal Wathon' (1934). He died on 29 December 1971 and is buried in the family cemetery of Pesantren Bahrul Ulum, Tambakberas. He was declared a National Hero of Indonesia.