A Digital Atlas of Sacred Geography
1004 records · Page 6/42
A Sufi attributed to Sujas near Zanjan; successor of Qutb al-Din al-Abhari, he is the link in the Khalwati chain between al-Abhari and Shihab al-Din Mahmud al-Tabrizi. His death date is not firmly known (late 6th/12th – early 7th/13th century) and no reliable record of his grave exists. (Sources: TDV 'Ibrahim Zahid-i Gilani' — silsila record; Hulvi, Lamazat-i Hulviyya.)
Mirza Mazhar Jan-i Janan, successor of Sayyid Nur Muhammad Badauni, played a decisive role in spreading the Mujaddidi order from his Delhi lodge and was also a master of Urdu and Persian poetry. Born on 1 Ramadan 1110 (3 March 1699), he was shot by armed assailants at his lodge on 7 Muharram 1195 (January 1781) and died three days later. He was buried at his own khanqah in Delhi, the complex known today as Dargah Shah Abul Khair (Khanqah Mazhariyya); no cross-verified coordinates were found, so no pin is given. (Source: TDV 'Mazhar Cân-ı Cânân'; Weismann, The Naqshbandiyya.)
Sayyid Nur Muhammad Badauni, successor of Muhammad Sayfuddin Sirhindi, was a Mujaddidi master famed for asceticism, strict adherence to the Sunna and some fifteen years spent in spiritual absorption. His most celebrated disciple was Mirza Mazhar Jan-i Janan, reviver of the Mujaddidi path in Delhi. He died in Delhi in 1135 AH (1723) and was buried there; no cross-verified coordinates exist for the grave, so no pin is given. (Source: TDV 'Nûr Muhammed el-Bedâûnî'; Rizvi, A History of Sufism in India.)
Shah Ghulam Ali Abdullah Dehlavi, successor of Mirza Mazhar Jan-i Janan, turned his Delhi khanqah into the worldwide centre of the Mujaddidi order; the 'Mujaddidiyya Dihlawiyya' is named after him. His most famous deputy was Mawlana Khalid al-Baghdadi, founder of the Khalidi branch, through whom the chain reached the Ottoman lands and Anatolia. He died on 22 Safar 1240 (16 October 1824) and was buried in the khanqah cemetery in Delhi beside his master Mirza Mazhar; no cross-verified coordinates exist for the tomb, so no pin is given. (Source: TDV 'Abdullah-ı Dihlevî' [Hamid Algar]; Weismann, The Naqshbandiyya.)
Husayn al-Hamawi (15th century), a fifth-generation descendant of Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani, was a Qadiri shaykh who guided disciples in Hama, Syria. To Eşrefoğlu Rumi, sent to him at the direction of Hacı Bayram-ı Veli, he granted the Qadiri deputyship within forty days, making him the key link in carrying the Qadiriyya to Anatolia and in the chain of its Eşrefiyye branch. His death date is not recorded in the sources; his grave is held to be in Hama, but its exact location is unknown. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Eşrefoğlu Rûmî"; TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Eşrefiyye".)
Abu Sa'id (Abu Sa'd) al-Mubarak ibn Ali al-Makhzumi al-Mukharrimi (d. 513/1119) was a Hanbali jurist and spiritual master of Baghdad, the teacher who invested Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani with the Sufi cloak and handed him the Bab al-Azaj madrasa. He follows Abu al-Hasan al-Hakkari in the Qadiri chain, which passes through him to al-Jilani; he is cited in the TDV Encyclopedia of Islam's "Abdülkādir-i Geylânî" and "Kādiriyye" articles. He is reported to have been buried in Baghdad's Bab al-Azaj quarter; the exact location of his grave lacks two independent numeric sources. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Abdülkādir-i Geylânî"; TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Kādiriyye".)
Muhammad Sayfuddin Sirhindi, son and successor of Muhammad Ma'sum, was called 'Muhyi al-Sunna' for his rigour in following the Prophet's example and influenced the Sufi formation of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. The Mujaddidi chain continued from him through Sayyid Nur Muhammad Badauni. He died in 1096 AH (1685) and is buried in Sirhind; no cross-verified coordinates exist for the tomb, so no pin is given. (Source: TDV 'Muhammed Seyfeddin Sirhindî'; Rizvi, A History of Sufism in India.)
Sayyid Taha of Hakkari, a descendant of the Prophet and deputy of Mawlana Khalid al-Baghdadi, spread the Naqshbandi-Khalidi order across Hakkari, Van and the Iranian border region from his lodge in the village of Nehri (today Bağlar) in Şemdinli. Training deputies such as Sayyid Sibghatullah Arvasi and Sayyid Fehim Arvasi, he became the fountainhead of the eastern Anatolian shaykhly tradition. He died in 1269 AH (1853); his tomb at Nehri (Bağlar village, Şemdinli, Hakkari) is one of the region's foremost places of visitation. (Source: TDV 'Tâhâ el-Hakkârî, Seyyid'; van Bruinessen, Agha, Shaikh and State.)
Abu al-Fadl Abd al-Wahid al-Tamimi (d. 425/1033) was a Hanbali scholar and Sufi of Baghdad, the link between Abu Bakr al-Shibli and Abu al-Faraj al-Tarsusi in the Qadiri chain. He is named in the TDV Encyclopedia of Islam's "Abdülkādir-i Geylânî" article within the initiatic chain reaching back to Junayd al-Baghdadi. What is known of him is largely confined to the silsila records, and the exact location of his grave is unknown. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Abdülkādir-i Geylânî" [silsila]; Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam.)
Abu al-Faraj Yusuf al-Tarsusi (d. 447/1055) was a Sufi of Baghdad, the link between Abd al-Wahid al-Tamimi and Abu al-Hasan al-Hakkari in the Qadiri chain. He is cited in the TDV Encyclopedia of Islam's "Abdülkādir-i Geylânî" article within the initiatic chain reaching back to Junayd al-Baghdadi. Information on his life is limited to silsila and hagiographic records, and the exact location of his grave is unknown. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Abdülkādir-i Geylânî" [silsila]; Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam.)
Muhammad Ma'sum Sirhindi, third son of Imam Rabbani and known as 'Urwat al-Wuthqa', led the Mujaddidi order after his father's death in 1624. Through numerous deputies he spread the branch to the Hijaz, Central Asia and Anatolia, and his Maktubat, translated into Turkish and Urdu, exerted wide influence. He died on 9 Rabi' al-Awwal 1079 (17 August 1668) and was buried in Sirhind, in the Rauza Sharif garden about a hundred metres from his father's grave; as no separately cross-verified coordinates exist for his own tomb, no pin is given. (Source: TDV 'Muhammed Ma'sûm Sirhindî'; Rizvi, A History of Sufism in India.)
Mumshad al-Dinawari (d. 299/912) was an early Sufi associated with the city of Dinawar in Iran who kept the company of Junayd al-Baghdadi. Known for his emphasis on chivalry (futuwwa) and spiritual courtesy, he is recorded as the link after Junayd in the chains of several orders, foremost the Khalwatiyya. Since the sources differ on his place of death and burial, naming both Dinawar and Baghdad, the exact location of his grave is disputed. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Cüneyd-i Bağdâdî"; al-Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub.)
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Ahmad al-Hakkari (d. 486/1093) was a Sufi and scholar of law and hadith associated with the mountainous Hakkari region north of Mosul. In the Qadiri chain he received the path from Abu al-Faraj al-Tarsusi and became the master of Abu Sa'id al-Mubarak al-Makhzumi; he is named in the initiatic chain given in the TDV Encyclopedia of Islam's "Abdülkādir-i Geylânî" article. His grave is held to lie in the Hakkari region, but its exact location cannot be cross-verified. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Abdülkādir-i Geylânî" [silsila]; Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam.)
Imam Rabbani Ahmad Sirhindi, founder of the Mujaddidi branch of the Naqshbandi order, is known as 'mujaddid-i alf-i thani', the renewer of the second Islamic millennium. Criticizing wahdat al-wujud in favour of wahdat al-shuhud, he profoundly shaped Sufi thought from the Indian subcontinent to Central Asia and the Ottoman lands through his Maktubat. He died in Sirhind on 8 Safar 1034 (20 November 1624); the Rauza Sharif built over his grave is a major shrine today. (Source: TDV 'İmâm-ı Rabbânî' [Hamid Algar]; Friedmann, Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi.)
An early link of the Khalwati chain, he belonged to the Sufi family of Suhraward known as 'al-Bakri' for its descent from Abu Bakr; he is regarded as the father and master of Qadi Wajih al-Din Umar al-Bakri. No independent biographical record survives; his death date and grave are unknown, and his name appears in classical Khalwati silsila documents. (Sources: TDV 'Suhrawardi, Abu al-Najib'; Hulvi, Lamazat-i Hulviyya silsila.)
A judge and Sufi of the Bakri family of Suhraward; he invested his nephew Abu al-Najib al-Suhrawardi with the Sufi cloak, and the Suhrawardi and Khalwati chains reach Junayd of Baghdad through him. His death date is not firmly established and no reliable record of his grave exists. (Sources: TDV 'Suhrawardi, Abu al-Najib'; TDV 'Suhrawardiyya'.)
Habib al-Ajami (d. 130/747-48; some sources give dates between 113 and 125 AH) was a Basran ascetic of Persian origin, hence his epithet "al-Ajami" (the Persian). Trained in the circle of Hasan al-Basri, he repented of usury and devoted himself to worship, becoming famed as a saint whose prayers were answered. He is the link between Hasan al-Basri and Dawud al-Ta'i in the chains of major orders including the Qadiriyya, Naqshbandiyya and Mevleviyya; his grave in Basra is a place of visitation, though its exact location is not verified by two independent sources. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Habîb el-Acemî"; Attar, Tadhkirat al-Awliya.)
Sadr al-Din al-Khiyawi (d. 860/1455), a Khalwati shaykh attributed to Khiyav in southern Azerbaijan, was the successor of Hajji Izz al-Din al-Turkmani and guided disciples in Shamakhi, the capital of Shirvan. His foremost disciple was Sayyid Yahya al-Shirvani, the order's second pir; after the succession dispute that followed his death, Yahya moved to Baku. As his grave is not firmly documented, no coordinates are given. (Sources: TDV 'Khalwatiyya'; TDV 'Yahya al-Shirvani'.)
Abu Sulayman Dawud ibn Nusayr al-Ta'i (d. 165/781) was a jurist among the leading students of Abu Hanifa in Kufa who abandoned scholarship for asceticism, becoming a great figure of early Sufism. He led a life of strict discipline built on minimal food, speech and sleep, and as the spiritual master of Ma'ruf al-Karkhi he forms the link after Habib al-Ajami in the Sufi chains. In accordance with his bequest he was buried in an unmarked, secluded spot, so the exact location of his grave is unknown. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Dâvûd et-Tâî"; Attar, Tadhkirat al-Awliya.)
A great Sufi of Tus in Khorasan; he was a student of al-Qushayri and a disciple of Abu'l-Qasim al-Jurjani. In the Naqshbandi chain he is the link between Abu'l-Hasan al-Kharaqani and Yusuf al-Hamadani, uniting the Bakri and Alawi branches of the silsila, and he is remembered for his spiritual influence on Imam al-Ghazali. He died in Tus in 477 AH (1084 CE); his grave is in Tus, but no cross-verified coordinates for its exact present location exist, so no pin is given. (Sources: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam 'EBÛ ALİ el-FÂRMEDÎ'; Encyclopaedia Iranica.)
Darwish Muhammad, a link in the Transoxianan chain of the Naqshbandi order, was the nephew and successor of Muhammad Zahid Wakhshi and guided disciples in the Samarkand region. By training his son Khwajagi Muhammad Amkanagi he prepared the chain that would carry the order to India. He died in 970 AH (1562); his grave is reported to be in the Samarkand region, but no reliable record fixes its exact site, so no coordinates are given. (Source: TDV 'Nakşibendiyye' [Hamid Algar]; al-Baghdadi, al-Hada'iq al-wardiyya.)
Khwajagi Muhammad Amkanagi, son and successor of Darwish Muhammad, lived in the village of Amkana between Bukhara and Samarkand and was among the last great Naqshbandi masters of Transoxiana. By sending his deputy Baqi Billah to India he enabled the order's passage to the subcontinent. He died in 1008 AH (1600); his grave is reported at Amkana, but no cross-verified coordinates exist for the tomb, so no pin is given. (Source: TDV 'Nakşibendiyye' [Hamid Algar]; al-Hada'iq al-wardiyya.)
Abu Bakr Dulaf ibn Jahdar al-Shibli (247/861-334/946) was a great Sufi of the Baghdad school who abandoned a governorship for the mystical path and reached maturity under Junayd al-Baghdadi. Junayd called him "the crown of the Sufis"; he was renowned for his profound utterances on gnosis and divine unity, for his ecstatic paradoxes, and as a close companion of al-Hallaj. He is the link after Junayd in the Qadiri chain; his tomb lies in the Khayzuran Cemetery in Baghdad's al-A'zamiyah district, though its precise coordinates lack a second independent source. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Şiblî, Ebû Bekir"; al-Qushayri, al-Risala.)
Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Dinawari (d. 370/981) was a Sufi associated with Dinawar, recorded in the Khalwati chain as the link after Mumshad al-Dinawari. He transmitted the lineage to later generations through Muhammad al-Bakri, and his name appears in the silsila preserved in the Khalwati source Lemezat-ı Hulviyye. What is known of him is largely confined to silsila records, and the location of his grave is unknown. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Lemezât" [silsila]; Hulvi, Lemezat-ı Hulviyye.)
