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The uncle of the Prophet; the Companion from whom the Abbasid dynasty descends.
His full name was Abu'l-Fadl al-'Abbâs b. 'Abd al-Muttalib b. Hâshim al-Qurashî al-Hâshimî. He was born two or three years before the birth of the Messenger of God; although his uncle, he was only a few years older than him.
From his early youth he occupied himself with trade. In the age of ignorance he held, among the services of the Ka'ba, the siqâya (giving water to the pilgrims) and the rifâda (feeding the pilgrims).
He was present at the second Pledge of 'Aqaba (622) and took from the people of Medina the undertaking that they would protect the Messenger of God.
At the battle of Badr he was obliged to stand in the ranks of the polytheists and was taken prisoner; he was released after paying his ransom.
At the battle of Hunayn, at the moment the army was routed, he reminded the Muslims of their pledge and helped to gather the scattered ranks again.
When 'Umar went out to pray for rain in the years of famine, he prayed through his mediation, out of respect for his being the uncle of the Messenger of God.
He died at Medina in the year 32 (653), at the age of eighty-six or eighty-eight.
His Circle of Influence — The Abbasid caliphs descend from his son 'Abdullâh. 35 hadiths are transmitted from him, and the best known of those who transmitted from him are his sons 'Abdullâh, 'Ubaydullâh and Kathîr, together with certain other Companions.
His Tomb and Complex — His grave is in the cemetery of Jannat al-Baqî' at Medina.
A dome had been built over his grave in 529 (1135) in the time of the caliph al-Mustarshid bi'llâh. The tombs and gravestones at the Baqî' were demolished in 1806 by Su'ûd b. 'Abd al-'Azîz; the structures later rebuilt were destroyed again in 1926 in the time of 'Abd al-'Azîz b. Su'ûd. Today there is neither tomb nor gravestone in the cemetery, and the ground continues to be used for burial.
Differing Scholarly Views
The time of his becoming a Muslim is disputed. The source records both groups of reports together: according to one set of reports he became a Muslim at the very beginning of the Prophet's call, while according to the others he did not become a Muslim until the conquest of Mecca. The atlas makes no choice in this matter (rule #9, principle 3).
Sources
- TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA) · vol. 7, p. 387, entry “Cennetü'l-Baki”
- TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA) — Hakkı Dursun Yıldız · vol. 1, pp. 15-16, entry “ABBAS b. ABDÜLMUTTALİB”
- TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA) — Mustafa Fayda · vol. 7, p. 387, entry “CENNETÜ'l-BAKĪ'”
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Permanent ID: EA-Z-000159 · this address reaches the same record even if its name changes; use it when citing.