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An Ottoman sultan; he is called Bâyezîd the Saint for his piety and his turning to works of charity.
He was born in 1448 at Didymoteicho. His mother was Gülbahar Hatun. Experienced statesmen such as Çandarlı İbrâhim and Yahyâ Pasha acted as his tutors; he took his lessons in calligraphy from Shaykh Hamdullah.
He came to the throne upon the death of his father Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror on 3 May 1481; he settled the struggle with his brother Cem Sultan by the battle of Yenişehir on 22 June 1481. Cem Sultan afterwards took refuge with the knights of Rhodes.
Kili and Akkerman were conquered in 1484. The war with the Mamluks, which began in 1485, lasted six years and ended in 1491. The wars with Venice resulted in the conquest of Modon and Coron.
In his reign some of the Jews fleeing the cruelty of the Inquisition in Spain took refuge in Ottoman lands and were settled in various cities.
The earthquake of Istanbul which began on 11 September 1509 and lasted forty-five days, called the little apocalypse, caused great destruction.
In his last years the revolt of Şahkulu (1511) and the struggle among his sons for the throne grew severe; on 24 April 1512 he left the throne to his son Sultan Selim I and withdrew. He died near Çorlu on 10 June 1512.
His Circle of Influence — He gave his protection to scholars and artists; he supported poets such as Necâtî and had Ottoman histories written in Turkish and Persian. He founded the school of the Galata Palace and established a second office of the treasury. He corresponded with Leonardo da Vinci about designs for bridges.
His Poetry and Sufi Line — In his poems he used the pen name 'Adlî; his collected poems, most of them ghazals, contain some 125 pieces and were printed at Istanbul in 1308. He was called a saint because in his reign he turned to worship and to works of charity.
His Tomb and Complex — He built great complexes at Istanbul, Edirne and Amasya. He was buried beside the mosque he had built in the square that bears his name, Beyazıt Square; a tomb was afterwards raised over his grave.
Sources
- TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA) — Şerafettin Turan · vol. 5, pp. 234-238, entry “BAYEZİD II”
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