City
9 sourced records · 3 verified locations
The atlas holds 9 sourced records for Izmir; every record is published with scholarly review and a citation chain. Breakdown: 5 Saints · 4 Scholar.
A scholar-dervish among the pupils of the Halveti sheikh Alamadan Dede, who helped root the Halveti order in Tire. His tomb is in the Paşa quarter, thought to have been built by Sheikh Mehmed Çelebi; the exact date is unknown. (Sources: TDV 'Tire'; Evliyalar.net)
Identified with Sayyid Sultan Ala al-Din, a leading Halveti-Melami sheikh of Tire. Said to have been exiled from Egypt then Istanbul under Mehmed II to Tire, where he died; through pupils such as Molla Çelebi and Alaeddin Arabi he kept the Halveti order influential in Tire. His uninscribed tomb is on Alamadan Street, 4 Eylül quarter. (Sources: Kültür Envanteri; Visit İzmir; TDV 'Tire')
Physician, theologian and Qur'an commentator known as the Avicenna of Anatolia . His real name was Jalal al-Din Khidr (Celâleddin Hızır); he is known by the title Hacı Paşa , thought to have been bestowed as a mark of favour by the Aydınid dynasty, and he loved this title so much that he used it in his works even in place of his name. He is thought to have been born after 740 (1339). He was originally from Konya: his introducing himself in the preface of his last commentary as Hacı Paşa ibn Hoca Ali ibn Murad ibn Hoca Ali ibn Husam al-Din al-Qunawi is conclusive proof of this. He went to Egypt to study, and at the Shaykhuniyya Madrasa in Cairo read the religious and rational sciences with the famous Hanafi jurist Akmal al-Din al-Babarti , winning his teacher's esteem through his sharp intelligence and diligence. His success there made his name known in Anatolia as well; Molla Fenari, the poet Ahmedi, Bedreddin Simavi and Mu'ayyad ibn Abd al-Mu'min, who came to Egypt to study, found warmth and support from him. Among his fellow-students was al-Sayyid al-Sharif al-Jurjani. According to the source it is highly probable that before going to Egypt he studied with Qutb al-Din al-Tahtani at the Zahiriyya Madrasa in Damascus. A severe illness he contracted as a student in Cairo led him to take up medicine. Alongside the religious sciences he trained himself by reading medical books and drawing on the knowledge and experience of physicians such as Jamal al-Din Ibn al-Shawbaki; as he himself states in the preface of Shifa' al-asqam , he began practising as a physician at the Qalawun Bimaristan of al-Malik al-Mansur. It is certain that, after proving his competence in medicine with two books he wrote in 771 (1370), he served as a physician at this hospital for a long time. The encouragement of Aydınoğlu İsa Bey, whose help he had enjoyed as a student, may also have played a part in his turn to medicine; the reports of Ibn Battuta, who visited Birgi in 1332, show the importance this dynasty attached to medicine. At the invitation of his patron İsa Bey he left his post in Egypt, came to Anatolia and was appointed judge of Ayasuluk (Selçuk). Besides the judgeship he taught at the madrasas of Ayasuluk and Birgi and served as physician at the court; it is certain that he enjoyed great esteem with the ruler and courtiers and was loved by the people. Because he used the nisba al-Aydini in seven works he composed in the province of Aydın, he was thought to be from Aydın. In 800 (1398), the year he wrote Kitab al-sa'ada wa-l-iqbal , he was at his post in Ayasuluk; it may be said that towards the end of that year he went to Konya because of the political turmoil in the principality after İsa Bey's death. In this period he began copying his teacher al-Babarti's Tuhfat al-abrar and completed it on 29 Safar 818 (10 May 1415). He began his commentary on the Qur'an, his greatest work, after the accession of Murad II (824/1421) and dedicated it to him; he then returned to Birgi, the town of learning he loved, and died there a short while later. Süheyl Ünver is of the opinion that he died around 827 (1424). His Circle of Influence — Shifa' al-asqam won great fame among the Turkish physicians of Anatolia: his student, the poet and physician Sinan Pasha , wrote a eulogy of it and added it to the autograph copy, and Nev'i Yahya Efendi and the physician Şaban-ı Şifai of Ayaş bear witness to its renown. Two copies of the work were made during the author's lifetime by his student Yusuf ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman. Kitab al-sa'ada was translated into Turkish in 913 (1507) and presented to Bayezid II; his Teshil was put into verse in 872 (1467) by Muhyiddin Mehi, a student of Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin. His Works — He is known above all for his medical works, but also produced valuable studies in exegesis, theology and logic. Apart from two Turkish medical books, all his works are in Arabic. ① al-Ta'alim fi ilm al-tibb : his first work, completed in Cairo at the Amir Shaykhu Madrasa on 7 Rajab 771 (4 February 1370); he added an afterword titled “Testament” on what physicians must observe and on medical ethics . ② al-Farida fi dhikr al-aghdhiya al-mufida : an abridgement of the former, completed at the Amir Shaykhu Khanqah on 20 Rajab 771 (17 February 1370). ③ Shifa' al-asqam wa-dawa' al-alam ( Şifa-yı Hacı Paşa , Kanun-ı Hacı Paşa ): his most important medical work, completed in Ayasuluk at the end of Ramadan 782 (December 1380) and dedicated to İsa Bey. It is arranged in four discourses after the method of Galen and Avicenna; its chief merit is that information is given in clear language, avoiding unnecessary detail. ④ al-Usul al-khamsa : written in Ayasuluk; its only copy, made in 788 (1386), is in Manisa. ⑤ Kitab al-sa'ada wa-l-iqbal : composed in 800 (1398) by abridging the Shifa' to about a third. ⑥ Müntehab-ı Şifa : a Turkish abridgement of the Shifa'; it is among the first Turkish medical books written in Anatolia . ⑦ Teshil : a Turkish book arranged like the Müntehab; according to Süheyl Ünver it was composed in 810 (1408). ⑧ Majma' al-anwar fi jami' al-asrar : an extensive commentary on the Qur'an and his largest work, dedicated to Murad II; he is known to have completed ten volumes, of which volumes I and X have come down to us. ⑨ Sharh Lawami' al-asrar : on logic; Katib Çelebi reports that it was written in 784 (1382). ⑩ Sharh Tawali' al-anwar : a commentary on Qadi al-Baydawi's work on theology, finished at the beginning of Safar 781 (May 1379) and dedicated to İsa Bey. In addition, the Arabic work Kitab Da'b al-salihin is an explanation of a saying of Hacı Paşa on the stations of Sharia, tariqa, haqiqa and ma'rifa , prepared by one of his students in answer to an objection. His Tomb and Complex — In 1935 a marble monument was erected over his grave at the place called Hıdırlık in Birgi.
