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The first teacher in the history of Islam; the standard bearer of the Emigrants at Badr and of all the Muslims at Uhud.
His full name was Abû 'Abdillâh (Abû Muhammad) Mus'ab b. 'Umayr b. Hâshim al-Qurashî al-'Abdarî. He was the child of a wealthy family of Banû 'Abd al-Dâr, one of the main clans of Quraysh, which held the office of standard-bearer in the age of ignorance.
He was among the first Muslims. His father and mother imprisoned him for having become a Muslim and brought various pressures to bear to turn him from his path, but could not make him give up his religion.
In the fifth year of the prophetic mission he emigrated to Abyssinia with the first party; a short time later he returned with twenty-eight others.
At the request of the people of Medina the Prophet appointed him as the first teacher in the history of Islam. At Medina he stayed in the house of As'ad b. Zurâra and brought about the conversion of such well-known figures as Usayd b. Hudayr and Sa'd b. Mu'âdh.
He carried the standard of the Emigrants at Badr and that of all the Muslims at Uhud. At the battle of Uhud he never left the Prophet's side, continuing in his office as standard-bearer, and was mortally wounded by the sword strokes of Ibn Qami'a and martyred there (3/625).
He was married to Hamna, the sister of the Mother of the Believers Zaynab bint Jahsh.
The Prophet praised his sacrifice and noted that he had abandoned the comforts of this world for the sake of faith. His burial without a proper shroud left such a mark among the Companions that his example was remembered in times of plenty.
Miracles
What follows are reports which appear in the source as transmissions; the atlas records them not as "thus it happened" but as "thus the sources transmit".
The shroud that did not suffice. It is related that on the day he was martyred at Uhud no shroud could be found to wrap him; when they tried to cover his body with his cloak and drew it up to his head, his feet were left uncovered. They therefore covered his head and placed sweet-smelling grass over his feet. (Source: TDV DİA, MUS'AB b. 'UMAYR)
From wealth to poverty. It is recorded that in the age of ignorance he was counted among the richest and most elegant youths of Mecca, and that after becoming a Muslim he endured his family's pressure and poverty; the absence of a shroud is remembered as a sign of that choice. (Source: TDV DİA, MUS'AB b. 'UMAYR)
Sources
- TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA) — Hüseyin Algül · vol. 31, pp. 226-227, entry “MUS'AB b. UMEYR”
The sources for this record are listed below (Mandatory Sources).
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Permanent ID: EA-Z-000158 · this address reaches the same record even if its name changes; use it when citing.
External records: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam article