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Saints

A Digital Atlas of Sacred Geography

Saints

1004 records · Page 4/42

Daftar Jailani (shrine attributed to Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani)

Sri Lanka's best-known Sufi shrine: a rock-cave shrine within the Kuragala archaeological reserve about 24 km from Balangoda. Local Muslims believe the great Qadiri master Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (d. 1166) meditated for twelve years in a cave here in the early 12th century after visiting Sri Pada (Adam's Peak). The name 'Daftar' (Arabic: register/record) alludes to a recorded visit attributed to al-Jilani. The site is originally an ancient Buddhist monastic retreat; the present Muslim shrine was built in 1922. This connection is entirely hagiographic/attributed and historically unverified, and is recorded transparently per the ethical framework. Since al-Jilani is not buried here and the maqam is only attributed, no map pin has been added (al-Jilani's actual tomb is in Baghdad).

BalangodaView →

Tuan Masha'ika

A Sunni-Sufi scholar counted among the first missionaries to bring Islam to the Sulu archipelago (present-day Philippines). By tradition he arrived at Jolo around 1280 and formed a small Muslim community among a still largely animist population. His descendants gained social and political prominence in Sulu, showing the native people's openness to Islam. Sources record his death in 710/1310 and burial at Bud Dato near Jolo; the Bud Dato tombstone is among the oldest known dated Islamic inscriptions in the Philippines (1310). Accounts of the early Islamization of Sulu rest largely on oral and hagiographic tradition, stated transparently. No verified numeric coordinates were found for his tomb, so no map pin has been added.

JoloDied 710 AHView →

Baba Shah Jamal

Sayyid Shah Jamal-ud-din Naqvi Bukhari, popularly known as Baba Shah Jamal, was a Sufi saint who lived in Lahore during the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar. He was affiliated with the Qadiri, Suhrawardi and Chishti traditions. His shrine in the Ichhra neighbourhood of Lahore remains a living pilgrimage site, famous for its Thursday-night dhamaal (devotional trance) gatherings.

Ichhra, Lahor, PencapDied 1082 AHView →

Sheikh Karim ul-Makhdum

An Arab Sufi scholar regarded as one of the first missionaries to bring Islam to the Philippines (late 14th century). Tradition holds he was born near Damascus and reached the Sulu archipelago around 1380 to preach. On Simunul Island in Tawi-Tawi he founded the Sheikh Karim ul-Makhdum Mosque, the oldest known mosque in the Philippines, now a National Historical Landmark. He is said to have died in Simunul and been buried beside the mosque; his tomb is still visited today. Accounts of the early Islamization of Sulu rest partly on oral and hagiographic tradition; this is stated transparently. A pin is added since numeric coordinates exist for his mosque.

SimunulDied 1400View →

Shaykh Ma al-Aynayn

The most influential scholar, Sufi and resistance leader of the Western Sahara–Mauritania region (c. 1830, Oualata / present-day Mauritania – 1910, Tiznit / Morocco). Son of Muhammad Fadil, founder of the Qadiriyya-Fadiliyya order, and brother of Shaykh Saad Bouh. He wrote around three hundred works across jurisprudence to Sufi conduct and was recognized in Fez, Marrakesh and Cairo. In 1898 he founded a ribat/town at Smara in the Western Sahara, declaring it his religious and spiritual capital in 1902 and establishing a major library. He united Saharan tribes against French and Spanish colonization. Sources give two accounts of his burial: by the prevailing view his tomb is in Tiznit, Morocco, and a pilgrimage site, while his ribat at Smara is remembered as a spiritual center maintained by his descendants (the disagreement over burial place is stated transparently).

SemaraDied 1328 AHView →

Al-Qadi al-Aqib ibn Mahmud ibn Umar

Qadi and imam of the Sankoré Mosque in Timbuktu (1507/08–1583), from the Sanhaja (Berber) Aqit family of scholars. He studied under his father Mahmud ibn Umar and his uncle, then received ijaza from scholars such as al-Nasir al-Laqani in Cairo during his pilgrimage. In 1565 he succeeded his brother Qadi Muhammad as qadi of Timbuktu, becoming one of the city's most influential authorities. He is best known for demolishing and rebuilding the Sankoré Mosque (1578–1582) to the dimensions of the Kaaba. The renowned scholar Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti was his relative and student. He is a leading figure of the Aqit family that shaped the golden age of West African Islamic learning at Sankoré.

TimbuktuDied 991 AHView →

Shaykh Uways al-Barawi

A Somali scholar and Qadiriyya shaykh remembered for reviving Islam in 19th-century East Africa (1847, Baraawe on Somalia's Benadir coast – 1909). He studied under his father, a local religious teacher, and under Shaykh al-Shashi, then travelled around 1870 to Baghdad to study at the Qadiriyya's center. On his return he became the order's leader in Somalia, and the Uwaysiyya sub-branch was named after him. His missionary work spread to Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Mozambique and Malawi. In 1909 he was killed in a clash near Biyoley and buried by his followers as a martyr; his tomb became a place of learning and pilgrimage. No verified numeric coordinates were found for Biyoley where his tomb lies, so no map pin has been added (transparency).

BaraaweDied 1327 AHView →

Sharif Muhammad Kabungsuwan

The missionary who introduced Islam to Mindanao (the Lanao and Maguindanao regions) and is regarded as the first Sultan of Maguindanao (early 16th century). An Arab-Malay preacher of the Johor/Malacca royal house, he landed at Malabang around 1515, preached Islam to native tribes, married a local princess and founded a sultanate whose capital was Cotabato. He set his seat near the mouth of the Pulangi (Mindanao) River. Sources disagree on his burial: some traditions point to Malabang in Lanao del Sur, others to sites near Cotabato, and none is archaeologically confirmed. This uncertainty is recorded transparently, and since no verified grave coordinates exist, no map pin has been added.

CotabatoView →

Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish

Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish al-Hasani (d. c. 625/1228; sources give dates between 622 and 626 AH) was a Moroccan Sufi of Sharifian Hasanid descent who lived in ascetic seclusion atop Jabal al-Alam in the Rif mountains. Though he founded no order and refused to gather disciples, the ijaza he transmitted trained Abu'l-Hasan al-Shadhili, making him the spiritual fountainhead of the Shadhiliyya. His whitewashed tomb on the summit of Jabal al-Alam near Tetouan/Chefchaouen is the site of a major annual moussem; he is reported to have been killed by the anti-Almohad rebel Ibn Abi Tawajin. There is no dispute over the burial site; only his death year (622/623/625/626) varies among sources. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Abdüsselâm b. Meşîş el-Hasenî"; Dictionary of African Biography, Oxford UP.)

Cebelialem (Larache)Died 625 AHView →

Habib Salih bin Alawi Jamal al-Layl

One of the most influential scholars and spiritual guides of the East African (Swahili) coast; founder of the famous Riyadha Mosque in Lamu (1853, Singani in the Comoros – 1935, Lamu/Kenya). Of the Ba Alawi Jamal al-Layl sayyid family, originally from Yemen and settled in the Comoros, claiming descent from Ali. Around 1866 he came to Lamu to study under its leading scholars. In 1889/1901 he founded the Riyadha Mosque and its madrasa, which became one of East Africa's most prestigious centers of Islamic learning. He is known for bringing knowledge to ordinary people and for initiating Lamu's annual Maulid festival. After his death his sons continued the madrasa; his grave lies beside the Riyadha Mosque and is a place of visitation.

LamuDied 1354 AHView →

Ibn Tumart

Muhammad ibn Tumart (b. c. 471/1078 or 474/1081, Igiliz in the Sus, Masmuda Berbers – d. 14 Ramadan 524/21 August 1130) was the religious reformer who founded the Almohad (Muwahhidun) movement. Having studied Ash'arite-Ghazalian theology in the Islamic East, he preached a rigorous doctrine of tawhid rejecting anthropomorphism and in 515/1121 proclaimed himself the Mahdi, launching war on the Almoravids. His movement was turned into an empire by his disciple Abd al-Mu'min after his death, which was concealed for a time by his inner circle. He died in Ramadan 524/1130 and was buried at Tinmel in the High Atlas; the Great Mosque built there by Abd al-Mu'min in 548/1154 became an Almohad pilgrimage sanctuary. The death year (524/1130) is undisputed. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "İbn Tûmert" and "Mehdî b. Tûmert"; en.wikipedia "Ibn Tumart".)

Tinmel (Yüksek Atlas)Died 524 AHView →

Abdallah ibn Yasin

Abdallah ibn Yasin (d. 451/1059), of the Gazula (Jazuli) Berbers, was the religious leader and founder of the Almoravid (Murabitun) movement. On the counsel of the Kairouan scholar Abu Imran al-Fasi, he studied law under Waggag ibn Zallu al-Lamti in the Sus, then was sent to teach Maliki Islam to the Sanhaja Berbers of the western Sahara, establishing the ribat that gave the movement its name. He transformed a religious-reform mission into the military force that unified North Africa; his commander Yusuf ibn Tashfin later built the empire. He was killed in 451/1059 fighting the Barghawata near Tamesna and is buried at Krifla (Sidi Abdallah) near Rommani. A mosque and mausoleum stand over the grave; as no two independent numeric coordinate sources exist, the coordinate is left null (descriptive location: ~33 km south of Rabat, overlooking the Krifla valley). There is no dispute over the burial. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Abdullah b. Yâsîn" and "Murâbıtlar"; en.wikipedia "Abdallah ibn Yasin".)

Krifla (Rommani)Died 451 AHView →

Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Sanusi

Abu Abdillah Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Sanusi al-Tilimsani (b. c. 830-838/1426-1434, Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen – d. 18 Jumada II 895/9 May 1490) was an Ash'ari theologian, Maliki jurist and Sufi. NOTE: he is a distinct figure living about four centuries before Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi (d. 1859), founder of the Sanusiyya order. He is known for reworking Ash'ari kalam through rational demonstration grounded in scripture; his celebrated Umm al-Barahin ("Mother of Proofs"), also known as al-Aqida al-Sughra, became one of the most widely taught creeds across North and West Africa and Southeast Asia, spawning many commentaries. He died on 18 Jumada II 895/1490 in Tlemcen and was buried in the lower Abad (El-Eubbad) cemetery, which later took his name. As two independent numeric coordinate sources could not be secured (Wikidata has no P625; the sole source is OSM with ~600 m internal inconsistency), the coordinate is left null. His birth year (830/832/838) and age at death (63/57) are disputed; a Shadhili affiliation is often assumed but not firmly documented. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Senûsî, Muhammed b. Yûsuf" and "Akāidü's-Senûsî"; Encyclopaedia of Islam.)

TlemcenDied 895 AHView →

Sayyid Jalaluddin Husayn al-Bukhari (Makhdum-i Jahaniyan Jahangasht)

Abu Abdillah Jalaluddin Husayn b. Ahmad al-Bukhari, honoured as "Makhdum-i Jahaniyan" (Master of the World) and "Jahangasht" (World-Traveller), was a major Suhrawardi-Bukhari shaykh. Born in 707/1308 in Uch and died there in 785/1384, he belonged to the dargah of his grandfather Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari (d. 690/1290), founder of the Bukhariyya branch. He travelled through the Hijaz, Khorasan, Bukhara, Iraq, Syria and Egypt and shaped the Jalaliyya order.

Uch Şerif (Bahâvelpûr, Pencap)Died 785 AHView →

Sultan Bahu

Sultan Muhammad Bahu b. Bazid Muhammad al-Qadiri was a major Qadiri Sufi poet and scholar of 17th-century Punjab. Born in 1039/1630 at Shorkot and died in 1102/1691, his tomb is at Garh Maharaja in the Jhang district. He is said to have written some 140 works in Persian, about thirty of which survive; he founded the Sarwari Qadiri branch and is renowned for his Punjabi verse (Abyat-i Bahu) expounding wahdat al-wujud.

Garh Mahârâca (Cang / Jhang, Pencap)Died 1102 AHView →

Alaul Haq Pandvi

Alaul Haq Pandvi (Shaikh Alaul Haq) was a leading 14th-century scholar and Sufi saint of the Chishti order in Bengal. A disciple and successor of Akhi Siraj — an emissary of Nizamuddin Auliya from Delhi — he served as a court scholar under the Bengal Sultanate, founded a khanqah, and was renowned for his generosity. Among his many disciples was his son Nur Qutb Alam; his shrine at Pandua (Malda) remains a major pilgrimage destination.

Pandua (Malda, Batı Bengal)Died 786 AHView →

al-Hasan al-Yusi

Al-Hasan al-Yusi (b. 1040/1631, a village in the upper Moulouya valley of the Middle Atlas – d. 15 Dhu'l-Hijja 1102/9 September 1691) belonged to the Ayt Yusi branch of the Sanhaja Berbers; the nisba "Yusi" derives from his ancestor Yusuf. TDV regards him as the greatest Moroccan scholar of the 17th century, an authority in Sufism, poetry, linguistics, logic, kalam and law. His Sufi affiliation was the Shadhiliyya (first the Nasiriyya branch of Ibn Nasir al-Dar'i, later Jazuli influence); he is famed for his letter "Bara'at al-Yusi" admonishing Sultan Mawlay Isma'il. He died returning from pilgrimage in 1102/1691, and a mosque and tomb were built in his name near Sefrou, south of Fez. As no two independent numeric coordinate sources exist for the tomb, the coordinate is left null (descriptive location: near Sefrou; settlement village Tamazzarite). There is no dispute over the burial. (Source: TDV Encyclopedia of Islam "Yûsî"; en.wikipedia "Al-Hasan al-Yusi".)

SefrouDied 1102 AHView →

Rahman Baba (Abdur Rahman Mohmand)

Rahman Baba (Abdur Rahman Mohmand, c. 1632-1706) was a Pashtun Sufi dervish and one of the greatest mystical poets of the Pashto language, active in Peshawar during the Mughal era. His Diwan of 343 poems, celebrated among Pashtuns as second only to the Qur'an, expresses divine love and humility in a plain, ascetic voice. His shrine in the Hazar Khwani area on the southern edge of Peshawar is a major site of pilgrimage for poets and mystics.

PeşaverDied 1118 AHView →

Pir Baba (Sayyid Ali Tirmizi)

Sayyid Ali Tirmizi, known as Pir Baba (1502-1583), was a Sufi saint born in Fergana (Uzbekistan) who settled in the Buner region of present-day Pakistan and played a major role in spreading Islam among the Yusufzai Pashtuns. He emphasized strict adherence to the Sharia and opposed the teachings of Pir Roshan. His shrine in Pacha Kalay village, Buner District, is one of the most important sites of Pashtun pilgrimage and hosts annual urs celebrations.

BunerDied 991 AHView →

Nur Qutb Alam

Nur Qutb Alam was a Sufi saint of Pandua (Malda, West Bengal) and a leading figure of the Chishti-Nizami lineage in Bengal. As the son and khalifa-successor of Alaul Haq Pandvi, he was renowned for his scholarship and his sacred diplomacy with the Ilyas Shahi sultans. He is buried beside his father at the Pandua dargah, which remains an active pilgrimage site with an annual urs.

Pandua (Malda, Batı Bengal)Died 818 AHView →

Bari Imam (Shah Abdul Latif Kazmi)

Sayyid Shah Abdul Latif Kazmi, known as Bari Imam (1617-1705), was a 17th-century Sufi of the Qadiriyya order, venerated as the patron saint of Islamabad. After twenty-four years as an ascetic in the Hazara forests, he settled in Nurpur Shahan and transformed the region through his teaching of love and peace. His shrine at Nurpur Shahan, originally built by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, is one of the largest sites of pilgrimage in Pakistan.

İslamabadDied 1114 AHView →

Ali ibn Harzihim (Sidi Harazem)

Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Isma'il ibn Harzihim (d. 559/1163) was a Berber Sufi born and died in Fez. He ran a "Ghazalian" zawiya, taught at the Qarawiyyin, and was the chief propagator of al-Ghazali's Ihya' Ulum al-Din in the Maghreb; he is reported to have required students to copy the entire Ihya' yearly, especially after the Almoravid book-burning. As the spiritual master of Abu Madyan he lies in the lineage leading to the Shadhiliyya. He is buried in the Bab Ftouh Cemetery in Fez; the present mausoleum was rebuilt in the late 18th century by Sultan Muhammad ibn Abdallah. Identity note: the spa town "Sidi Harazem" ~10 km southeast of Fez is named after him but the tomb is not there — it is in Bab Ftouh inside Fez (to which the coordinate refers). He has no standalone TDV entry and is cited as Abu Madyan's teacher in the "Ebû Medyen" entry. (Source: en.wikipedia "Ali ibn Harzihim"/"Mausoleum of Sidi Harazem"; Wikidata Q104857111; TDV "Ebû Medyen".)

FesDied 559 AHView →

Mawlay Ali al-Sharif

Mawlay Ali al-Sharif (Sharif ibn Ali; b. c. 1589 – d. 13 Ramadan 1069/4 June 1659) was the Sharifian leader of the Tafilalt oasis around Sijilmasa in southeastern Morocco, his family claiming descent from the Prophet through Hasan ibn Ali, having migrated from Yanbu in the Hejaz to Tafilalt. Declared amir/sultan of Tafilalt c. 1631, he is regarded as the founder-ancestor of the Alaouite (Filali) dynasty that still governs Morocco; through his sons Mawlay al-Rashid (r. 1664-72) and Mawlay Isma'il (r. 1672-1727) its rule was established. His tomb lies in the mosque-mausoleum complex at Rissani, near the ruins of Sijilmasa; the complex was rebuilt after flood damage in 1955. Identity note: his name must not be confused with the 15th-century earlier ancestor "Ali al-Sharif" who fought the Portuguese; dates and the "founder" attribution are soft in the sources. TDV has no person-specific entry; the dynasty is treated under "Filâlîler"/"Aleviyye (Filâlîler)". (Source: TDV "Filâlîler" and "Aleviyye (Filâlîler)"; Britannica "Alawi dynasty"; en.wikipedia "Sharif ibn Ali".)

Rissani (Tafilalt)Died 1069 AHView →

Afaq Khoja

Afaq Khoja (b. Hidayatullah, 1626-1694) was a Naqshbandi shaykh and political leader who shaped the history of East Turkestan (Kashgaria). Head of the Afaqiyya (White Mountain) branch descending from Makhdum-i Azam of Samarkand, his preaching in Gansu drew Hui and Salar communities into the Naqshbandi order. His mausoleum near Kashgar (Afaq Khoja Mazar) is Xinjiang's most visited shrine. (Sources: TDV; Wikidata Q1044767.)

KaşgarDied 1105 AHView →

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