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A Transoxianan master who was the successor of ʿĀref Rīvgarawī in the Ḵᵛājagān line; from him the chain passed to Ḵᵛāja ʿAlī Rāmītanī.
He was born in the village of Anjīrfaḡnī in the Wābkanī district of Bukhara. He earned his living by gil-kārī, that is, by working in clay and plaster.
The form of the dhikr in the Ḵᵛājagān had changed over time: Ḵᵛāja Yūsof Hamadānī had permitted both the “dhikr of the heart” and the “loud dhikr”, while ʿAbd-al-Ḵāleq Ḡojdovānī had emphasized holding the breath and the silent (ḵafī) dhikr. Later the open, that is vocal (jahrī), dhikr was gradually accepted as well, and Maḥmūd Anjīr Faḡnawī and ʿAlī Rāmītanī both considered either kind of dhikr permissible. The dispute over whether the dhikr should be performed aloud or in the heart later caused much enmity among the Sufi lines of Transoxiana, and especially in Eastern Turkestan and China.
According to Jāmī, Faḵr-al-Dīn ʿAlī Ṣafī and Qāneʿ he died in 717; Dārā Šokōh, however, places his death in 715.
His Circle of Influence — After his death Amīr Ḥosayn Wābkanawī, called Amīr Ḵord, was first appointed as his successor; then Ḵᵛāja ʿAlī Rāmītanī, known as “Hażrat-e ʿAzīzān”, attained the leadership of the Ḵᵛājagān. Rāmītanī is counted as Faḡnawī's second successor after Amīr Ḥosayn and, in the source's words, believed in the vocal dhikr “like his master”.
Miracles
The following are narrations that appear in the source as REPORTS; the atlas records them not as “this is what happened” but as “this is what the sources relate.”
It is well known that Ḵeżr directed ʿAlī Rāmītanī to Maḥmūd Anjīr Faḡnawī to become his pupil. When ʿAlāʾ-al-Dawla Semnānī asked Rāmītanī about this, Rāmītanī refrained from giving a clear answer. (Source: Dānešnāme-ye Jahān-e Eslām, “Rāmītanī, ʿAlī”)
Differing Scholarly Views
Date of death — Jāmī, Faḵr-al-Dīn ʿAlī Ṣafī and Qāneʿ place his death in 717, Dārā Šokōh in 715. The atlas's existing record carries a much earlier year drawn from another source; that year does not appear in the sources consulted. The atlas does not prefer either side; the difference has been referred to the scholarly board.
Sources
- TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA) · vol. 12, p. 73, entry “FAĞNEVΔ
- Dānešnāme-ye Jahān-e Eslām (Dânişnâme-i Cihân-ı İslâm · Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam) — Afsāne Monfared · vol. 16, entry “خواجگان، سلسله”
- Dānešnāme-ye Jahān-e Eslām (Dânişnâme-i Cihân-ı İslâm · Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam) — Saʿīd Ṭāvūsī Masrūr · vol. 19, entry “رامیتنی، علی”
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