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A Darqâwî-Shâdhilî shaykh, an exegete, and the author of the al-Bahr al-madîd.
His full name was Abu'l-'Abbâs Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Mahdî al-Hasanî al-Shâdhilî; his descent is traced to Hasan.
He was born in 1161 (1748) in the village of Khamîs, between Tangier and Tetouan in Morocco.
He received a long education at Tangier, Tetouan and Fez: he studied jurisprudence, theology and exegesis under Muhammad al-Sûsî al-Simlâlî and the scholars of Tetouan, and in 1786 attended the lessons of Muhammad al-Tâwudî Ibn Sûda at Fez.
In 1209 (1794) he met Sîdî Muhammad al-Bûzîdî, entered the Darqâwî-Shâdhilî way and completed his spiritual course.
After his affiliation he returned to Tetouan and began to teach the religious sciences; he carried on teaching and the spiritual path together.
He held that the realities of Sufism are reached by way of the outward sciences, and stressed that the fruit of knowledge is action.
At one point he was accused of innovation and imprisoned together with his disciples; the source records that this event, contrary to what might be expected, increased the number of his followers.
He died on 7 Shawwâl of the year 1224 (15 November 1809) at Ghumâra near Tetouan, in an outbreak of plague.
His Works — In his autobiography, the al-Fahrasa, he counts 38 of his books; he has other works besides that list. The chief of them are his commentary in four volumes, the al-Bahr al-madîd fî tafsîr al-Qur'ân al-majîd; the Îqâz al-himam, his commentary on the al-Hikam of Ibn 'Atâ'illâh al-Iskandarî; the Mi'râj al-tashawwuf on the technical terms of Sufism; the al-Futûhât al-ilâhiyya; and the al-Futûhât al-qudsiyya. The al-Fahrasa recounts his family and lineage, his upbringing, his education and his work of guidance, together with the scholarly and Sufi movements of his time.
His Tomb and Complex — His grave is at Ghumâra near Tetouan, where he died, and it is visited every year by members of the Darqâwiyya.
Differing Scholarly Views
📌 To the editor: The source article gives both the place of death and the place of the grave as Ghumâra near Tetouan. In the atlas record the city of the grave appears as Tetouan. In an atlas of visitation such a difference may send the visitor to the wrong place; the choice is left to the people of learning (rule #9, principles 2 and 6).
Sources
- TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA) — Ahmet Özel · vol. 19, pp. 294-295, entry “İBN ACÎBE”
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Permanent ID: EA-Z-000385 · this address reaches the same record even if its name changes; use it when citing.