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One of the prophets named in the Qur'an; in Islamic literature he is taken as the emblem of patience.
The Qur'an states that revelation was given to him (al-Nisâ 4/163) and that he was guided to the right path (al-An'âm 6/84). Two principal accounts relate his trial: al-Anbiyâ 21/83-84 — he called upon his Lord, "Hardship has afflicted me", and God removed his affliction, restored his family and doubled their number "as a mercy from Us and a reminder for worshippers". Sâd 38/41-44 — his appeal to God about the suffering brought upon him by Satan, the command to strike the ground with his foot to obtain cool water for washing and drinking, the restoration of his family and possessions, and his being called "an excellent servant who constantly turned to God".
According to the Islamic sources his ancestor on the father's side was the prophet Isaac and on the mother's side the prophet Lot. His wife is said to have been either Leah, the daughter of Jacob, or Rahma, the daughter of Ephraim son of Joseph. He had seven sons and three daughters.
His wealth before the trial is enumerated in the source thus: 7000 sheep, 3000 camels, 500 yoke of oxen, 500 female donkeys and numerous servants. His trial joined together the loss of wealth, of children and of bodily health; the report about the duration of his illness is eighteen years, while some records say three or seven. Through all of this he stood firm without rebelling against God; the verse says "Truly We found him patient" (Sâd 38/44).
His Circle of Influence — In Islamic literature he is the emblem of patience and endurance. Şeyh Galib invoked him as an example of forbearance in adversity, and Yûnus Emre referred to the suffering he endured. The motif of striking the ground to bring forth healing water became a theme in its own right in the Eastern-Islamic literary tradition.
Miracles of the Prophet
🔴 This section relates his miracles as a prophet, not the miracles of a saint: the karâma belongs to the saint, the mu'jiza to the prophet. What follows are events recorded directly by the Qur'an.
The water brought forth by striking the ground. God commanded him to strike the ground with his foot in order to obtain cool water for washing and drinking. (Source: the Qur'an, Sâd 38/41-44)
The restoration and doubling of his family. Upon his prayer God removed his affliction, restored his family and doubled their number as a mercy and a reminder for worshippers. (Source: the Qur'an, al-Anbiyâ 21/83-84)
Differing Scholarly Views
🔴 The Qur'anic record is not the Old Testament narrative. The source states this difference plainly: certain descriptions in the Old Testament speak of Job's rebellion; Islamic doctrine, on the other hand, takes as its basis the prophets' infallibility ('isma) and excludes sin or disobedience. The atlas does not confuse the two narratives.
The duration of his illness is disputed. The common report is eighteen years; some records say three and others seven.
The identity of his wife is not certain. She is said to have been either Leah, the daughter of Jacob, or Rahma, the daughter of Ephraim son of Joseph; the source chooses neither.
🔴 This source gives no information about his shrine. The atlas record is tied to Şanlıurfa; the article that was read does not enter upon the question of a shrine or tomb. This is why no tomb section has been opened in this record — the attribution of the shrine must be verified separately (principles 2 and 6).
Sources
- TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (DİA) — Ömer Faruk Harman · Nurettin Albayrak · vol. 12, pp. 16-17, entry “EYYÛB”
The sources for this record are listed below (Mandatory Sources).
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Permanent ID: EA-Z-000079 · this address reaches the same record even if its name changes; use it when citing.