A leading Sufi scholar of the Malay-Acehnese world (c. 1570 â 1630). Born in Pasai (North Aceh), he served as Shaykh al-Islam, mufti and qadi, chief court advisor to the Sultanate of Aceh under Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607â1636) (id.wikipedia, "Syamsuddin As-Sumatrani"; JESP 2021 academic paper). As a student and interpreter of Hamzah Fansuri, he was the foremost systematizer of the wujudiyyah (wahdat al-wujud) doctrine and the "martabat tujuh" (seven grades of being) in the Malay world, writing in Malay-Jawi, Arabic and Persian. He died in 1630 during Aceh's campaign against Portuguese-held Melaka; no pin is given as the location of his grave (Melaka / Pulau Sangiang) is disputed.