A scholar of Gujarati (Indian) origin and Hadrami descent who was the most influential mufti and Shaykh al-Islam of the Aceh Sultanate in the 17th century (d. 1658). Arriving in Aceh in 1637, he held its highest religious office under Sultan Iskandar Thani and became the sultanate's most prolific author, notably of the seven-volume Bustan al-Salatin. He was the principal opponent of the wahdat al-wujud doctrine of Hamzah Fansuri and Shamsuddin of Sumatra; the royally backed burning of their books is a controversy associated with him. Losing court favor in 1644 he left Aceh and died in his home town of Ranir/Rander (Gujarat, India), where he is buried. (Sources: TDV Islam Encyclopedia 'Nureddin er-Raniri'; Indonesian/English Wikipedia; Wikidata Q7070303.)