Sayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1838/39-1897) was the most influential pan-Islamic activist, political thinker and modernist reformer of the 19th century, advocating Muslim unity against European colonialism and inspiring figures like Muhammad Abduh. He died and was buried in Istanbul in 1897. In 1944, at the Afghan government's request, his remains were repatriated to Kabul and re-interred in a mausoleum at Kabul University. (Sources: Wikipedia 'Jamal al-Din al-Afghani'; Britannica; Wikidata Q298434)